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1981 Brixton riot
The 1981 Brixton riot, or Brixton uprising,〔 was a confrontation between the Metropolitan Police and protesters in Lambeth, South London, England, between 10 and 11 April 1981. The main riot on 11 April, dubbed "Bloody Saturday" by ''TIME'' magazine,〔(Bloody Saturday ) TIME 20 April 1981. Retrieved on 9 June 2009.〕 resulted in almost 280 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public; over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with thirty burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved.〔The Guardian – (How smouldering tension erupted to set Brixton aflame ), 13 April 1981〕
==Background==
Brixton in South London was an area with serious social and economic problems. The whole United Kingdom was affected by a recession by 1981, but the local African-Caribbean community was suffering particularly high unemployment, poor housing, and a higher than average crime rate.〔Uprising!: Police, the People and the Riots in Britain's Cities〕
In the preceding months there had been growing unease between the police and the inhabitants of Lambeth.〔 In January 1981 a number of black youths died in a fire during a house party in New Cross. Although it was subsequently determined that the seat of the fire was in an armchair inside the house and probably accidental, at the time it was suspected to be a racially-motivated arson attack by someone outside the property, and the police investigation was criticised as inadequate when it did not support that view. Black activists, including Darcus Howe, organised a march for the "Black People's Day of Action" on 2 March. Accounts of turnout vary from 5,000 to 20,000 to 25,000. The marchers walked 17 miles from Deptford to Hyde Park, passing the Houses of Parliament and Fleet Street.〔 While the majority of the march finished in Hyde Park without incident, there was some confrontation with police at Blackfriars. Les Back wrote that "While the local press reported the march respectfully, the national papers unloaded the full weight of racial stereotyping."〔〔 ''The Evening Standards front page headline was a photo of a policeman with a bloody face next to a quote from Darcus Howe referring to the march as "A good day". A few weeks later, some of the organizers of the march were arrested, charged with the offence of ''Riot''. They were later acquitted.〔 In 1980 the number of crimes recorded in the Lambeth Borough was 30,805. The Brixton Division was responsible for 10,626 of those crimes. Between 1976 and 1980 Brixton accounted for 35% of all crimes on the Borough, but 49% of all Robbery and Violent Theft offences. The police recognised that there was a problem and that they needed a solution to a growing crime trend. Robbery and violent crime was on the increase and this can probably be related to high unemployment and people with no or little money. At the beginning of April, the Metropolitan Police began ''Operation Swamp 81'', a plainclothes operation to reduce crime and uniformed patrols were increased in the area. Officers from other Metropolitan police districts and the Special Patrol Group were dispatched into Brixton, and within five days, 943 people were stopped and searched, and 82 arrested, through the heavy use of the ''Sus law'' (stop and search powers).〔 The ''Sus law'' was a type of law which allowed police to search and arrest members of the public when it was believed that they were acting suspiciously and not necessarily committing a crime. The African-Caribbean community stated that the police were arresting black people without a specific reason.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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